5– 9 There is less evidence supporting AF ablation in persistent AF, although small studies suggest better maintenance of sinus rhythm. 1 Catheter ablation is increasingly offered to relieve AF-related symptoms, 2– 4 based on evidence illustrating its efficacy compared with antiarrhythmic drug therapy. Recent prevalence estimates suggest that at least 33.5 million persons are affected by atrial fibrillation (AF). There is a clear need to generate more evidence for the best approach to ablation of persistent AF beyond pulmonary vein isolation in the form of adequately powered controlled multi-centre trials. Early rhythm control therapy has a biological rationale and trials evaluating its value are underway. Treatment of concomitant conditions promoting recurrent AF by life style interventions and medical therapy should be a routine adjunct to catheter ablation of persistent AF. Other ablation strategies are being developed and need to be properly evaluated in controlled, multicentre trials. Pulmonary vein isolation is a reasonable and effective first approach for catheter ablation of persistent AF. We identify the following principles: Our clinical ability to discriminate paroxysmal and persistent AF is limited. Here, we review the available information to guide catheter ablation in these more chronic forms of AF. Approximately one-third of AF ablation procedures are currently performed in patients with persistent or long-standing persistent AF.
Ital.Catheter ablation is increasingly offered to patients who suffer from symptoms due to atrial fibrillation (AF), based on a growing body of evidence illustrating its efficacy compared with antiarrhythmic drug therapy. Columbus, Ohio, The Spahr & Glenn Company 1952 A Brief History of Entomology Including Time of Demosthenes and Aristotle to Modern Times with over Five Hundred Portraits.
Columbus, Ohio, Published by the Author 1 1-394. 1937: Fragments of Entomological History Including Some Personal Recollections of Men and Events. Horn's collection World Cicindelidae including larvae Larven and general Coleoptera collections ( North Africa (1896), Ceylon (1899), North and South America (1902) and Persian Gulf (1926) are conserved in the German Entomological Institute.
A bibliography of entomology, covering the early printed works on entomology through to 1900 and describing over 25,000 printed items. With Sigmund Schenkling Index Litteraturae Entomologicae Horn, Berlin-Dahlem. Schenkling (ed.), Coleopterorum Catalogus. Münchener koleopterologische Zeitschrift, 1(4):337-346. Zur Kenntnis der paläarktischen Cicindelen.
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